Apparatus for immobilizing infants and small children

ABSTRACT

This apparatus is used in taking X-ray photographs of infants and small children. The apparatus consists of an upright vertical member and a horizontal platform fixed at right angles forming a seat which is rotatably mounted on a base. Restraining means, some of which are movable in guide means on the vertical member, and other restraining means attached to the platform, secure an infant or child to the seat during an X-ray photography procedure. In one embodiment, the base supports an adjustable film holder which is also laterally displaceable to permit free movement of the seat. In a second embodiment, the seat includes two upright vertical members, each having an adjustable X-ray film support means disposed rearward thereof for movement with the seat. Various other embodiments include rigid and flexible means for releasably restraining a subject to be X-rayed, said restraining means being adjustable to accommodate subjects of varying sizes.

July 1, 1975 APPARATUS FOR IMMOBILIZING INFANTS AND SMALL CHILDREN {76] Inventor: Edwin Cahansag, 3937 Johnson Ln.,

Western Springs, 111. 60558 [22] Filed: Jan. 17, I974 [2]] Appl. No.: 434,351

Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 401,364, Sept. 27,

1973, abandoned.

[52] U.S. Cl. 269/328; 128/134; 250/439; 250/451 [51] Int. Cl A6Ig 15/00 [58] Field of Search 269/322, 328; 250/439, 250/444-451, 456; 128/133, 134; 297/384, 390

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,027,318 l/l936 Nelson 250/456 2,613,726 10/1952 Paaterol... 1. 297/384 X 2,926.256 2/1960 Rankin l 250/451 3,051,832 8/1962 Pigg. Sr... 250/451 3,146,026 8/1964 Berlin l 297/390 X 3,358,141 12/1967 Hoffmann et a1... 250/456 3,585,386 6/1971 Horton 1. 250/451 3,626,186 12/1971 Allard et a1 250/444 3,650,523 3/1972 Darby, Jr. 269/328 Primary ExaminerR0y Lake Assistant Examiner Neil Abrams [57] ABSTRACT This apparatus is used in taking X-ray photographs of infants and small children. The apparatus consists of an upright vertical member and a horizontal platform fixed at right angles forming a seat which is rotatably mounted on a base. Restraining means, some of which are movable in guide means on the vertical member, and other restraining means attached to the platform, secure an infant or child to the seat during an X-ray photography procedure. In one embodiment, the base supports an adjustable film l rolder which is also laterally displaceable to permit free movement of the seat. In a second embodiment, the seat includes two upright vertical members, each having an adjustable X-ray film support means disposed rearward thereof for movement with the seat. Various other embodiments include rigid and flexible means for releasably restraining a subject to be X-rayed, said restraining means being adjustable to accommodate subjects of varying sizes.

I7 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures SHEET 3 FIGIO APPARATUS FOR IMMOBILIZING INFANTS AND SMALL CHILDREN This application is a continuationin-part of my previously filed application Ser. No. 401,364. filed Sept. 27. I973 for Apparatus for lmmobilizing Infants and Small Children While Taking X-Ray Photographs. now abandoned.

The present invention relates to devices for holding a subject immobile during an X-ray examination. and in particular to an apparatus for holding an infant or child immobile during an X-ray examination without requiring the presence of an additional party to assist in holding the infant or child.

When obtaining fluoroscopic or X-ray radiograph film images of various parts of the human body. it is essential that the subject being photographed be maintained motionless during exposure. Movement will cause a double or clouded image to form on the X-ray film. necessitating the re-taking of the X-ray. Besides the disadvantages of wasting film the subject will be exposed to additional amounts of X-rays, which are harmful to body tissue if absorbed in large quantities. Therefore. it is highly desirable for both health and economic reasons that an X-ray exposure be taken correctly the first time.

The problem of immobilizing the subject to be X- rayed becomes more acute in the case of infants and children. who do not normally remain still for the exposure time incurred during normal X-ray techniques. In the past. one of the parents of the infant or child was required to be stationed near the X-ray table or platen to assist in restraining the child. This has proven to be unfeasible. since the adult usually is unable to assert the proper physical force necessary to prevent the infant or child from moving. Additionally, the parent is exposed to unnecessary and harmful radiation due to his or her proximity to the X-ray apparatus.

Devices have been produced in an effort to assist in restraining infants and children during the taking of X- rays. One such device is disclosed in Tayman US. Pat. No. 3.215.834 and includes a platform to which a child is strapped in a horizontal or prone position during exposure to the X-rays. This device is inadequate, however. for assisting the X-ray technician in examining the infant or child for certain disorders, such as pneumonia or bleeding ulcers. where it is important that the subjects torso remain upright to permit pertinent body fluids to be maintained at a natural level. Additionally. the Tayman device does not provide ease of movement to enable rapid exposure of anterior, posterior and lateral portions of the body without removing the restraints.

Another presently available device for immobilizing infants and children during taking of X-rays is illustrated and described in Hoffman US. Pat. No. 3.358.141 This device is similar to the Tayman apparatus. with the exception that the subject in one embodiment is held in an upright position. or supported in a non-rotatable seat. However. the upright position in which the Hoffman device holds the subject is not fully supporting. and most uncomfortable. whereby the infant or child will move or cry after being held in this po sition for a short period of time. Further. the seat-like embodiment disclosed by Hoffmann does not adequately restrain the knees of the subject, which is important in maintaining immobility. nor does it permit the subject to be moved about a vertical axis for ease of taking X-rays of the anterior. posterior or lateral portions of the body.

Therefore. it is an object of my invention to provide an apparatus which completely immobilizes an infant or child in an upright seated position during the taking of X-ray exposures.

It is still another object of my invention to provide a rotatable apparatus which holds an infant or child in a proper and secure position during the taking of X-ray exposures of the anterior. posterior and lateral portions of the body.

Yet another object of my invention is to provide a novel apparatus for immobilizing infants and children during processes of X-ray photography. which apparatus maintains the subject in a proper upright position during exposure such that body fluids are maintained at their normal level.

An additional object of my invention is to provide an immobilizer apparatus for X-ray photography which includes a novel means for movably holding various sizes of X-ray film adjacent the subjects body.

A further object of my invention is to provide an immobilizing apparatus for X-ray photography including restraining means which are adjustable to accommodate subjects of various sizes.

Yet another object of my invention is to provide an immobilizing apparatus for children and infants during X-ray procedures. wherein the elbows of the subject are restrained against movement when the elbow are either extended over the subjects head or along its side.

Still another object of my invention is to provide an immobilizing apparatus for taking X-rays of infants and small children which is portable. lightweight. and can be stored with ease when not in use.

The nature of the preferred embodiments of my invention will become more apparent from a study of the attached drawings in conjunction with the following specification wherein:

FIG. 1 is an elevation view of an immobilizing apparatus constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of my invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a detail view of the means for allowing rotation of the immobilizing apparatus of FIG. 1, including the means for holding the apparatus from rotating when the apparatus has reached its proper position;

FIG. 5 is a detail view of the restraining straps used in the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an elevation view of the X-ray film support device forming part of the apparatus of FIG. I;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a second embodiment of my invention;

FIG. 8 is a front elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 7.

FIGS. 10 and II are front and side elevation views of a modified version of the second embodiment of my invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of my invention. including an adjustable rigid head restraining means;

FIG. 13 is a detail view of the restraining means pivoting and adjusting apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 12'.

FIG. 14 is a view of the head restraining means of FIG. 12 shown in an open position ready to receive a subject.

FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of yet another embodiment of my invention; and

FIG. 16 is a detail view ofthe means for vertically displacing the restraining means of FIG. 15.

Referring to the drawings. and in particular to FIGS. I, 2 and 3, the first embodiment of my apparatus for immobilizing infants and children during the taking of X-ray photographs is generally designated by the numeral 10. The apparatus comprises a substantially ver tical radiotransparent member 12 rigidly fixed at its base or lower end to platform 14 which is disposed substantially horizontal to vertical member 12. The upper surface of platform 14 is preferably covered with sponge. fabric. or other suitable cushion material 13 to provide a comfortable seating surface for an infant or child. A leg support member 16 extends forwardly from platform 14, and is pivoted thereto by means of pivot pins 18 fixed to the platform. Vertical member 12 and platform 14 form a seat for holding an infant or child in an upright position during the taking of X-ray exposures of the subject. Leg support member 16 can be pivotally adjusted up or down to maintain support for the subjects legs in the most confortable position.

Vertical member 12 includes a plurality of elongated slots 20. 22 disposed therethrough. Slots are adapted to receive radiotransparent strap 24 which passes through slot 20 in the manner best seen in FIGS. 1 and 5. Strap 24 includes self attaching means. such as a Velcro-type fastener, on the ends thereof, designated by the numeral 28. Self attaching means 28 are adapted to releasably engage hook mat 30 attached to the other end of strap 24. Strap 24 is adapted to extend around the torso of an infant or child seated in apparatus I0 and to be self fastening by means of self attaching means 28 and hook mat 30.

A plurality of smaller wrist or elbow straps 32. 34 also extend through slots 20 and pass around the edges of vertical member 12. Straps 32, 34 also include self attaching means at the ends thereof, and are adapted to wrap around and secure the upward reaching wrists or elbows of a child or infant seated in apparatus 10.

An additional head strap 36 is received by slots 22 in the manner shown in FIG. 1. Head strap 36 also includes self attaching means at either end thereof. and is adapted to extend around and secure the head of an infant or child seated in apparatus 10.

A knee and leg strap 37 is threaded through slots 30 of leg support member 16, which strap 37 includes self attaching means at the ends thereof and is adapted to wrap around and secure the knees and legs of the child to support member 16.

A pair of plate members 38 extend laterally from either side of platform 14. and include slots 40 extending therethrough. Torso strap members 42 are attached to plate members 38 by looping one end through slot 50 and attaching the strap to itself. Alternatively. the torso strap could be made of one continuous piece of material which extends under platform I4 and passes through slot 38 at either end. The ends of torso strap 42 include self attaching means which are adapted to secure the ends of strap 42 as it passes over and holds the lower abdominal portion of an infant or child seated in apparatus 10.

The immobilizer apparatus 10 is designed to be supported on a table or other support structure in the X-ray facility of a laboratory. hospital. or the like. and to be rotatable about a vertical axis through 360. To this end. a base structure 44 is provided with a pedestal member 46 extending upward therefrom. The topmost part of pedestal 46 comprises a plate 48. In the illustrated embodiment. (FIGS. 1. 2, 3) the underside of platform 14, as well as the surface of plate 48, have embedded therein upper and lower races 50, 52. respectively. providing means for holding and guiding ball bearings 54.

Platform ]4 also includes a recess 46 and an aperture 58 extending therethrough (FIG. 4). A bolt 60 extends through slot 58 and is threaded into a mating threaded recess 62 in plate 58. It is apparent that platform 14, and the seat it forms with vertical member 12, is rotatable through 360 relative to plate 48 by means of ball bearings 50.

Means are provided to positively lock the seat against rotation so that the subject may be held steady once the position is reached in which the X-ray exposure is to be taken. As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. a slot 64 extends through plate 48 and has a vertically displaceable pin 66 disposed therein. At the lower end of slot 64, a col lar 68 is attached to the underside of plate 48. A spring, not shown. is disposed inside collar 68 and biases pin 66 in an upward direction into one of several recessed apertures 70 disposed in Circumferential relation on the underside of platform l4. The lower end of pin 66 ex tends downward from collar 68 and has fixed thereto ball-type handle 72 which is used by an X-ray technician. for example. to pull pin 66 downward against the spring bias to free the seat for rotation about its vertical axis. FIG. 3 illustrates apertures 70 located at eight equally spaced points. which permits the seat to be rotated and locked into position every 45. However. if required. an increased number of recessed apertures 70 may be circumferentially disposed relative to one another so that pin 66 will lock the seat into any one of a number of rotativc positions.

In the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. means are provided to secure base 44 to a supporting structure. such as table 74. To this end, suction cups 76 are provided at the four corners of base 44 to hold the base against rotative motion.

it is apparent that the elements of the embodiment of my invention thus far described provide a seat to immobilize an infant or small child during the process of taking an X-ray exposure of the subject. whereby the child is safely and comfortably held still in an upright seated position such that the seat may be rotated through 360 to properly position the subject for anterior. posterior or lateral exposures. In addition. my invention includes a novel structure mounted on base 44 for supporting an X-ray film at the most advantageous location adjacent the subject. The X-ray film support is adjustable to accommodate all sizes of film. and is laterally positionable to permit the seat to be rotated without interfering with the film support structure.

The X--ray support means comprises a vertical strut 78 fixed to base 44 by means of a mounting collar 80 (FIG. 6) which maintains strut 78 in an upright position. Collar 80 is fixed to a plate 82 which is laterally movable between a pair of tracks 84 mounted on base 44. A spring 86 extends between bracket 88, which is fixed to pedestal member 46, and pin 90 attached to movable plate 82. Spring 86 biases plate 82 and strut 78 towards pedestal 46, and consequently toward the seat formed by vertical member 12 and platform 14. Strut 78 and plate 82 may also be manually moved against the bias of spring 86 by sliding plate 82 in tracks 84. As viewed in FIG. 2, spring 86 will always return strut 78 to as leftward a position as possible when the manual force is relieved.

Strut 76 has a lower bracket collar 92 slidably positioned therein, and an upper bracket collar 94 is firmly adhered to strut 76. Each collar has a lateral flange member 98, 100 fixed thereto, and film holding brackets 102, 104 are attached to the respective flanges. Each bracket I02, 104 includes a channel or slot 106, I08 adapted to hold a sheet of X-ray film 110 therebetween. As viewed in FIG. 6, spring 86 holds brackets 102, 104 in abutment with the rear of vertical board member 12.

Means are provided to adjust lower film holding bracket 102 to accommodate various sizes of Xray film. Referring to FIG. 6, a bolt 112 is fixed to flange member 98 of lower bracket collar 92. A friction clamp member 114 having an aperture 116 therethrough abuts the upper portion of slot 112. Aperture 116 is slightly larger than strut 78, which passes through aperture 116, as seen in FIG. 2. Spring 118 is compressed between lower bracket collar 92 and the portion of clamp member 114 adjacent aperture 116, forcing clamp member 114 upward as it pivots about the upper end of bolt 112.

In the position shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, clamp member 1 14 provides sufficient friction force to hold collar 92 and lower film holding bracket 102 in a fixed position. To displace the lower bracket vertically, pressure is applied to the free end of clamp member 114 to disengage it frictionally from strut 78. Collar 92 is then free to slide along strut 78 until the pressure on clamp 114 is relieved. thereby firmly securing lower film holding bracket 102 in its selected location.

While not illustrated, upper bracket collar 94 may similarly be made slidable and adjustable relative to strut 78, such that upper film holding bracket 104 may be adjustable Further. any known means for adjusting the relative heights of film holding brackets 102, 104 may be utilized within the scope of my invention.

In operation, a child or infant to be X-rayed is placed in the seat formed by vertical member 12 and platform 14. Strap 24 is wrapped around the childs abdomen, and the ends of the strap are joined and held together by fastening means 28, 30 (FIG. 5). With the rear of the childs head placed firmly against board member 12, head strap 36 is extended around the childs forehead and joined together by the self attaching means disposed at the ends thereof. The childs arms are raised and straps 32, 34 are wrapped around each wrist or elbow and secured by the self attaching means associated therewith. Next. the ends of strap 42 are brought together over the child's torso and secured by means of the self attaching means applied to the ends thereof. Knee and leg strap 37 is then extended over the child's knees, and the ends of the strap are secured together. It is apparent that the child or infant is now firmly secured in substantially an immobile position while seated, such that the abdomen is in an upright position, maintaining body fluids at their normal level.

The X-ray technician next places a sheet of film 110 in film holding brackets 102, 104. Clamp member 114 is released and lower bracket collar 102 is adjusted up or down according to the vertical dimension of film 110. When the proper position of collar 102 is reached, clamp member 114 is released, whereby collar 92 is frictionally held in its proper location.

Under normal circumstances, vertical member 12 will be in the position shown in FIG. 2 when the infant or child is first secured in the seat. In this position, the technician may make the first anterior X-ray exposure of the subject. Assuming the technician next decides to take a lateral exposure, he pulls down on handle 72 beneath plate 48, releasing pin 66 from recessed aperture 70 and freeing the seat for rotation about bolt 60. Plate 48 and base 44 remain stationary due to the force applied by suction cups 76.

It is apparent from viewing FIG. 2 that the seat will not swivel freely until the film holding brackets are moved away from their abutting relationship with the back of vertical member 12. A horizontal force is manually applied to the lower end of strut 78, and the strut moves to the right, as viewed in FIG. 2, as plate 82 slides in tracks 84 against the bias of spring 86. With the film holding apparatus now out of the way, the seat is rotated on bearings 54. When the seat has achieved its proper position for a lateral X-ray exposure. handle 72 is released to lock the seat against further rotation. Strut 78 is gradually released, and spring 86 causes the film holding apparatus to move toward the seat until the side of vertical member 12 contacts film holding brackets 102 and 104. A new X-ray film sheet is placed between brackets 102 and 104, and a lateral exposure is taken.

The above steps are repeated to take a posterior, and then an opposite lateral exposure. In the posterior ex posure position, strut 78 will be located against the forward part of leg support member 16, and between the subjects legs if they extend beyond the edge of memher 16. In addition, an exposure may be made at any angle rotating the seat to the desired position and holding it in place by means of pin 66. At the completion of the exposure cycle. the straps holding the subject are released and the infant or child is free to be removed from the seat.

A second embodiment of my invention is disclosed in FIGS. 7-9. In this embodiment, there are two radiotransparent vertical members 212 and 213, and two X-ray film holding devices integral with the backs of both vertical members. Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown a seat comprising platform 214 fixed at right angles at the base of board members 212 and 213. A leg support member 216 forms the forward part of platform 214. The seat formed by platform 214 and members 212, 213 is rotatable about bolt 218 on ball bearings 220. Bearings 220 are mounted on a base 221 which is adapted to support the immobilizing apparatus. This enables the X-ray tube to remain stationary during fiuroscopic examination, which saves much time and effort. It is contemplated that the same or a similar mechanism for rotating and arresting rotation of the seat is employed in both the first and second embodiments of my invention, although other known devices may be utilized.

Elongated slots 222, 224 are disposed in vertical member 213, and similar elongated slots 226, 228 are located in member 212. A strap 230 (FIG. 9) extends through slots 226 and has self attaching means at the ends thereof. such as Velcro fastener means. by way of example. Strap 230 is adapted to be placed around the torso of an infant or child seated on platform 214, as previously described in relation to strap 24 of my first embodiment. Similarly wrist or elbow straps 232, 234 extend through slots 226 and around the lateral edges of member 212, and comprise self fastening means at the ends thereof. Elbow straps 232, 234 are adapted to wrap around and secure the raised arms of an infant or child seated in platform 214 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with elbow straps 32, 34 of my first embodiment.

Head strap 236 passes through slots 228 and also comprises self fastening means at its ends. Head strap 236 is designed to wrap around and maintain a childs head in an immobile position in the same manner that head strap 36 of my first embodiment functions. Additionally. knee or leg strap 238 with self attaching means at the end thereof passes through slots 240 in leg sup port 216 to hold the child's knees and legs secure to the leg support. the straps are capable of displacement in their respective slots to adjust according to the height and size of the infant or child. By holding the knees securely, the legs of the child are effectively made immobile.

In my second embodiment. X-ray film holding means are permanently disposed at the rear of each vertical member 212 and 213. To accommodate the film holding means. platform 214 extends horizontally outward beyond member 212, as shown by the numeral 242 in FIG. 8. In similar fashion. another portion of platform 214 extends horizontally outward beyond vertical member 212, as designated by the numeral 244 in FIG. 9.

Mounted on extension 242, and located behind vertical member 212, are two vertically spaced apart panels 246, 248. The space between the panels is sufficient to receive a sheet 250 of X-ray film. The bottom of film sheet 250 rests on a horizontal support member 252 which is fixed atop a vertically extending support member 254. Rod 256 is attached to the center of support member 254 and extends through a vertically extending slot 258 in panel 248. Support members 252 and 254 are vertically displaced in the space between panels 246 and 248 as rod 256 moves vertically in slot 258. To hold support members 252, 254 in their desired position, which is determined by the size of film sheet 250 and the part of the subjects body to be X-rayed, a spring biased friction clamp assembly 260 is attached to the outwardly extending portion of rod 256. By pulling outward on knob 262, pressure on block 264 is relieved, and the block is able to move out of frictional engagement with panel 248. This permits rod 256 and X-ray film support members 252, 254 to be moved freely up or down to adjust according to film size.

From FIG. 7 it is apparent that the sheet 250 of X-ray film is located behind the infant or child seated on platform 214. In this position, the subject is properly held immobile in a seated position for an anterior X-ray exposure. For a lateral exposure. the seat is merely released and rotated 90, since there is an X-ray film holding apparatus directly adjacent vertical member 213. Mounted on extension 244, and located behind board member 213 are two vertically spaced apart pan els 266, 268. The space between the panels is adapted to receive a sheet 250 of X-ray film. The bottom of film sheet 250 rests on a horizontal support member 270 which is fixed atop a vertically extending support member 262. Rod 274 is attached to the center of support member 272 and extends through a vertically extending slot (not shown) in panel 268. Support members 270 and 272 are vertically displaced in the space be tween panels 266 and 268 as rod 264 moves vertically in the slot in panel 268. Support members 270, 272 are held in their desired position, which is determined by the size of film sheet 250 and the part of the subject's body to be X-rayed, by a spring biased friction clamp assembly 276 attached to the outwardly extending portion of rod 274. By pulling outward on knob 278, pressure on block 280 is relieved, and the block is able to move out of frictional engagement with panel 268. This permits rod 274 and the X-ray film support members 270, 272 to move freely up or down.

Upon completion of the required series of X-rays, the technician removes film sheets 250 from between panels 246 and 248, and from between panels 266 and 268. The infant or child is then released from the seat by unfastening straps 230, 232, 234, 236 and 238.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show elongated slots in both vertical members 212 and 213. Thus, the aforementioned straps can be disposed in either vertical member. de pending upon which position the X-ray technician prefers to support the infant or child.

A third embodiment of my invention is illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, wherein yet another arrangement for securing abdomen, elbow. and head straps 230, 232, 234 and 236 to the seat is provided. In this embodiment. a plurality of vertical rods 310 extend through aperture 312 disposed in a cover plate 314. This cover plate 314 extends over the space 316 between vertical member 212 and panel 248. Rods 310 extend throughout the vertical height of the space 316, and are positioned in front of the X-ray film sheet 250 held in sup port member 252. Similar to the embodiment of my invention disclosed in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, support member 252 is vertically displacable in slot 258 (FIG. 11) to permit adjustment of the film according to the size of the child. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, an additional upper film clamp 318 is provided to engage and hold the top of film sheet 250. Clamp 318 is also slidably mounted in slot 258 for freedom of vertical movement. Since rods 310 are located between the sheet X-ray film 250 and the X-ray beam generator (not shown), the rods must necessarily be made of radiotransparent material to prevent them from showing up on the X-ray photograph.

Each of the rods 310 includes a cap portion 320 which is wider than aperture 312 and maintains each rod 310 in position. The lower ends of the two end rods 310 (FIG. 11) are provided with threads 322 which are adapted to mate with corresponding threads in platform 214. The two end rods 310 may be removed by unthreading them from platform 214 and lifting them vertically by means of cap 320 through apertures 312.

Adjacent each rod 310, vertical member 212 includes three elongated slots 324, 326, 328 (FIG. 11). Slots 324 and 328 extend along substantially the entire height of vertical member 212, while slot 326 extends downward approximately half of the height of member 212.

Rods 310 and slots 324, 326 and 328 are adapted to hold straps 230, 232, 234 and 236 adjacent vertical member 212 such that the straps are capable of sliding vertically along the rods to adjust to children of varying heights. Torso strap 230 is woven from the front of verticial member 212 (FIG. 11) through slot 324, looped around rod 312, and passed out through slot 324 again to the front of member 212. The strap 230 is then similarly woven and looped around rod 310 adjacent slots 318 on the opposite side of the seat. It is readily apparent that strap 230, with the aforementioned self attaching means on the ends thereof, is now adapted to secure the torso of a child to the seat. The strap 230 may be moved vertically upward or downward by sliding it along rods 310. To remove strap 230 for replacement or repair. rods 320 are merely removed from space 316 as previously described. allowing the looped portions of the strap in slots 324 and 328 to be fed forward and re moved.

Elbow straps 232 and 234 are similarly woven and looped about rods 310 located at either end of board member 212, and are disposed above torso strap 230. Straps 232 and 234 are capable of vertical movement along rods 310 to adjust to various sizes of children. and are removable for replacement or repair by removing rods 310 as previously described.

Head strap 236 is similarly woven and looped around the rod 310 adjacent slot 326. As seen in FIG. 11, slot 326 and the rod 310 adjacent thereto extend only part way down the face of vertical member 212, thereby limiting the vertical adjustment of strap 236 to the upper part of member 212. Since strap 236 is adapted to engage and restrain only the head of the child or infant. it is not necessary to have the strap move any further downward than permitted by slot 326. The bottom of rod 310 adjacent slot 326 is unrestrained, and that rod may be removed by merely lifting it through its associated aperture 312.

A fourth embodiment of my immobilizer invention is disclosed in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14, wherein a rigid adjustable head and elbow restraining means for children is provided. Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown a seat for an infant or child comprising a base 410 and two vertical members 412, 414 disposed at right angles to the base and to each other. Vertical member 412 is rigidly fixed to base 410, and member 414 is pivotally connected by pins 416 to member 412. As illustrated in FIG. 12, vertical member 414 is capable of pivoting ninety degrees (90) about a vertical axis to permit the infant or child to be replaced on the immobilizer with ease. Base 410 includes a leg support portion 418, and in the illustrated embodiment. is adhered to a supporting structure 420 by means of suction cups 422. However. it is apparent that base 410 can be mounted upon supporting structure 420 for rotation therewith in accordance with the means described in connection with the above described embodiments of my invention.

Behind vertical members 414 and 414 are vertical panel members 424, 426 which extend parallel to members 412. 414 and are connected thereto by means of spacer elements 428, 430. 432, and 434. The spaces between vertical member 412, 414 and panel members 414, 426 are adapted to receive X-ray films as described in conjunction with the foregoing embodiment of my invention. Vertical adjustment means 436 are provided to vary the position of the X-ray film. A handle 438 is provided to aid in pivoting vertical member 414 away from base 410. Restraining means such as abdomen strap 440. knee strap 442 and ankle strap 444 are also provided in similar fashion to the previously described embodiments.

As a primary feature of the embodiment of my invention disclosed in FIG. 12, a rigid arcuate member 446 extends across the upper face of vertical member 412, providing a semi-circular space between rigid member 446 and vertical member 412. The central portion 448 of arcuate member 446 is of lesser width than the remaining portions, and is particularly adapted to extend over the forehead of an infant or child seated in the immobilizer. as shown in FIG. 12. The interior surfaces of acruate member 446 are lined with a soft, pliable material 447 such as plastic or rubber or the like so as to firmly engage the subject without applying undue pressure.

The two portions 450, 452 of arcuate member 446 extending to either side of central portion 448 are also lined with plastic or rubber foam material 447 or the like to engage and secure the elbows of the infant or child when its arms are extended over and along side its head.

One side of arcuate member 446 (the left side as viewed in FIG. 12) is pivotally and adjustably connected to panel member 426. while the other side is a free end adapted to abut against vertical member 412 when in the position shown in FIG. 12. Referring to FIG. 13, panel member 426 is provided with a pair of brackets 454 between which a vertical track or rod element 456 extends. Plate means comprising hinge element 458 are slidably mounted on track element 456. and is also connected to the left end (FIG. 12) of arcuate member 446. Friction clamp 450 is provided on track element 456 to permit hinge 458, and arcuate member 446 to be releasably adjusted vertically to accommodate children of various sizes. Arcuate member 446 is adapted to pivot in a horizontal plane about track element 456 and away from vertical member 412. and can also be adjusted vertically along the length of the track element.

Releasable fastening means are provided between vertical member 412 and arcuate member 446 for maintaining the arcuate member in position toward the vertical member. as illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 14. A slot 462 is provided in the vertical member, in which a knotted cord or chain element 464 is mounted. Chain element 462 is capable of vertical movement along slot 462. A slot 466 provided in arcuate member 446 is adapted to receive knotted cord or chain element 462 and thereby hold the arcuate member in position firmly against the forehead and elbows of the child or infant disposed in the immobilizer. Element 464 comprises a plurality of knots along its length to enable arcuate member 446 to be held firmly as close as possible to vertical member 412 without injurying the child or infant. In addition. cord or chain element 464 can be vertically displaced when arcuate member 446 is vertically moved along track element 456.

A releasable friction latch mechanism 468, preferably a spring loaded steel ball mating with a hemispherical receiving chamber. is provided between spacer element 432 and base 410 to maintain Vertical member 414 in its position shown in FIG. 12.

To place an infant or child in the immobilizer of FIG. 12, cord element 464 is raised out of slot 466, and arcuate member 446 is pivoted in a horizontal plane about track element 456 to the position shown in FIG. 14. Vertical member 414 is next pivoted to its open position. i.e.. in the same plane as vertical member 4l2. The child or infant is placed on base 410 with its back against vertical member 412. and vertical member 414 is pivoted back into the position shown in FIG. 12. Straps 440, 442 and 444 are extended around the abdomen. knees. and ankles ofthe subject. respectively, and joined together by self attaching means as previously described.

Clamp 460 is released and arcuate member 446 is vertically adjusted by sliding hinge 458 along track element 456 until central portion 448 is in line with the forehead of the subject. Arcuate member 446 is then pivoted into the position shown in FIG. l2. and knotted cord or chain element 446 is pulled down into slot 466 to maintain arcuate member firmly against the forehead of the subject. Knotted element 464 is adapted to slide in slot 462 to accommodate various vertical positions of arcuate member 446.

If desired. the arms of the child or infant may be extended upward adjacent its head prior to pivoting arcuate member 446 from the position shown in FIG. I4 to its position engaging the forehead of the subject. As arcuate member 446 is positioned as shown in FIG. 12, the elbows of the subject are restrained by portions 450 and 452 of arcuate member 446. With its elbows restrained. the subject will not be able to move its arms during the X-ray procedure.

The fifth embodiment of my invention is disclosed in FIGS. 15 and I6 and provides a flexible elbow restrain ing means mounted for vertical adjustment on the immobilizer apparatus. Referring to FIG. 15, vertical members 512 and 514 are similar to vertical members 412 and 414 of FIG. 12. Also. as in the embodiment of FIG. 12. vertical member 514 is mounted on pin 516 for pivotal movement relative to vertical member 512.

On either side of vertical member 512 are a pair of vertically mounted guide channels 518, 520 having an I shaped retaining member 522 slidably mounted between the channels. Restraining means comprising strap 524 are attached to retaining member 522. To this end. a transverse strap element 526 is affixed to the rear of strap 524, and extends over the central portion of retaining member 522 (FIG. 16). By sliding retaining member 522 vertically in guide channels 518 and 520. the height of strap 524 is adjusted.

Strap 524 comprises a pair of tapered ends 528, 530 with self attachment means. such as a Velcro fastener. at the outer extremities thereof whereby the strap ends are capable of adhering to each other. Located near the base of each tapered end is a slot 532 adapted to receive each tapered strap end to form a loop through which the elbows of the child or infant are passed.

In operation. a child or infant is placed with its back against vertical member 512. and retaining member 522 with strap 524 attached is adjusted in guide channels 5 I8, 520 until it is adjacent the elbows of the subject. Because strap 524 may be positioned vertically. it is capable of restraining a childs elbows when its arms are extended over its head or along its side. In either position. the elbows of the subject are extended through the loops formed by tapered ends 528, 530 as they pass through slots 532. A force is applied to each strap end to tighten the strap around each elbow. Next. ends 528 and 530 are extended outward. around. and over the subject's elbows until the ends are joined together by the self attaching means disposed at the outer extremities thereof. In this manner. the elbows of the 12 subject are individually restrained in the loops formed by the strap ends. and simultaneously secured against movement by joining the strap ends together.

In each of my embodiments. and each version thereof. the vertical members may be made of a translucent matcrial. such as clear plastic. This enables the X-ray film to be viewed by the X-ray technician when being adjusted to accommodate the size of the child being X-rayed.

From the foregoing detailed description. it will be evident that there are a number of changes. adaptations. and modifications of the present invention which come within the province of those skilled in the art. However. it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention. be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims.

I claim:

7 I. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including:

a substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat adapted to support said subject;

a base adapted to be fixed to a support means against relative movement therewith;

bearing means disposed between said platform and said base for rotatably mounting said platform and said seat on said base about a vertical axis;

radiotransparent restraining means slidably and oper atively connected to said vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction;

said restraining means adapted to extend around a portion or portions of the subjects body to secure said portion or portions of said body in said seat against movement;

a second substantially vertical radiotransparent member disposed normal to said first vertical member and to said platform;

first and second X-ray film support means mounted rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively relative to said seat;

elongated slot means disposed in said second vertical member;

said slot means adapted to receive said radiotrans parent restraining members for vertical movement therein; and

said restraining means when in said second vertical member adapted to extend around and secure the upper portions of said subject's body to said second vertical member when said subject is supported by said seat in a position 90 from the position in which said subject is supported by said first vertical member.

2. An apparatus for use in the taking of X-ray exposures of a subject including:

a substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed the the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat supporting said subject;

said vertical member including vertical disposed guide means;

radiotransparent strap means slidably mounted on said vertical member by means of said guide means and adapted to extend around said subject and secure said subject to said seat. whereby said strap means are vertically positionable to secure subjects of varying sizes;

said strap means including a flexible strap element mounted for vertical movement in association with said guide means;

said strap element having two ends thereof including self attachment means. whereby said ends are adapted to extend across the head or abdomen of said subject and join together;

said strap element inlcuding adjustable looped portions spaced from each of said ends; and

each looped portion adapted to extend around the elbows of said subject and secure said elbows against movement.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein:

said strap element includes slot means therein spaced from said ends whereby each of said ends is passed through its adjacent slot means to form said looped portions; and

said looped portions being variable by adjusting said ends relative to said slot means.

4. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including:

a first substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

'11 substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said first vertical to form a seat adapted to support said subject.

a secod substantially vertical radiotransparent member disposed at right angles to said first vertical member and at right angles to said platform;

radiotransparent restraining means slidably and operably connected to said first vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction;

said restraining means adapted to extend adjacent a portion or portions of the subjects body to secure said portion or portions of said body in said seat against movement;

X-ray film holding spaces disposed in each of said first and second vertical members adapted to removably hold a sheet of X-ray film adjacent said subject. said X-ray film sheets being held at right angles to each other wherein said second substantially vertical radiotransparent member is pivotally mounted to said first vetical member for pivotal rotation with respect thereto about a vertical axis and latch means disposed between said seat and said second vertical member for releasably securing said second vertical member in said normal position relative to said first vertical member.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said latch is disposed between said platform portion of said seat and said second vertical member.

6. An apparatus for use in the taking of X-ray exposures of a subject including:

a substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat supporting said subject;

said vertical member including vertically disposed guide means;

radiotransparent strap means slidably mounted on said vertical member by means of said guide means and adapted to extend around said subject and secure said subject to said seat. whereby said strap means are vertically positionable to secure subjects of varying sizes;

said guide means including opposing channel means vertically disposed on said substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

retaining means extending between said opposing 5 channel means and vertically displaceable along said channel means; and

said retaining means adapted to engage said strap means whereby said strap means is vertically positionable along said channel means.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said strap means are adapted to secure the elbows of said subject against movement.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said strap means are adapted to alternatively secure the elbows of said subject against movement when the arms of said subject are extended over its head or along it torso.

9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said strap means includes:

a pair of laterally extending strap ends adapted to ex- 2O tend around each elbow of said subject;

a pair of slots in said strap means adapted to receive said strap ends after said strap ends are extended around each of said elbows; and

self-attachment means on said strap ends whereby said strap ends adhere to each other upon being joined together across the body of said subject.

10. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said radiotransparent restraining means includes:

a rigid arcuate member extending across said vertical member; whereby a space is provided between said rigid arcuate member and said vertical member;

said space adapted to receive the head of said subjects body; and

one side of said rigid arcuate member being pivotally mounted to a corresponding side of said vertical member, whereby said rigid arcuate member is adapted to pivot in a horizontal plane toward and away from said vertical member and hold said head immobile against said vertical radiotransparent member when positioned toward said vertical member.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 including means for vertically adjusting said rigid arcuate member relative to said vertical member, and clamping means to retain said rigid arcuate member in a prescribed vertical position.

[2. The apparatus ofclaim 11 wherein said means for vertically adjusting said rigid arcuate member includes:

5O vertically disposed track means affixed to said vertical member; plate means mounted for vertical movement along said track means; 5 said plate means attached to said one side of said rigid arcuate member. wherein said plate means includes said pivotal mounting means for said rigid arcuate member.

13. The apparatus of claim 10 including releasable fastening means extending between said vertical member and said rigid arcuate member to maintain said rigid arcuate member in position toward said vertical member.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said vertical member includes vertical slot means,

said releasable fastening means slidably disposed in said slot member whereby said fastening means is adapted to maintain said rigid arcuate member in said position toward said vertical member in any vertical position of said rigid arcuate member.

15. The apparatus of claim including pliable material lining means on the face of said rigid arcuate member adapted to receive said portion of said subjects body.

16. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein:

said space adapted to receive the head of said subjects body includes additional space to receive the upwardly extending arms of said subjecL whereby said rigid arcuate member holds said arms in an immobile position against the head of said subject.

17. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including:

a substantially vertical radiotransparent member;

a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a sheet adapted to support said subject;

a base adapted to be fixed to a support means against relative movement therewith;

bearing means disposed between said platform and said base for rotatably mounting said platform and said seat on said base about a vertical axis;

radiotransparent restraining means slidably and operatively connected to said vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction;

said restraining means adapted to extend around a portion or portions of the subjects body to secure first and second X-ray film support means mounted rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively relative to said seat;

said first and second X-ray film support means each including:

additional vertically extending members mounted on said platform rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively, defining spaces between each vertica] member and its respective additional vertically extending member;

said spaces adapted to receive X-ray film elements;

X-ray film support bracket means disposed in said spaces; and

said bracket means being vertically adjustable to accommodate various sizes of X-ray film to adjust the position of said X-ray film behind said subject supported in said seat. 

1. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including: a substantially vertical radiotransparent member; a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat adapted to support said subject; a base adapted to be fixed to a support means against relative movement therewith; bearing means disposed between said platform and said base for rotatably mounting said platform and said seat on said base about a vertical axis; radiotransparent restraining means slidably and operatively connected to said vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction; said restraining means adapted to extend around a portion or portions of the subject''s body to secure said portion or portions of said body in said seat against movement; a second substantially vertical radiotransparent member disposed normal to said first vertical member and to said platform; first and second X-ray film support means mounted rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively relative to said seat; elongated slot means disposed in said second vertical member; said slot means adapted to receive said radiotransparent restraining members for vertical movement therein; and said restraining means when in said second vertical member adapted to extend around and secure the upper portions of said subject''s body to said second vertical member when said subject is supported by said seat in a position 90* from the position in which said subject is supported by said first vertical member.
 2. An apparatus for use in the taking of X-ray exposures of a subject including: a substantially vertical radiotransparent member; a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed the the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat supporting said subject; said vertical member including vertical disposed guide means; radiotransparent strap means slidably mounted on said vertical member by means of said guide means and adapted to extend around said subject and secure said subject to said seat, whereby said strap means are vertically positionable to secure subjects of varying sizes; said strap means including a flexible strap element mounted for vertical movement in association with said guide means; said strap element having two ends thereof including self attachment means, whereby said ends are adapted to extend across the head or abdomen of said subject and join together; said strap element inlcuding adjustable looped portions spaced from each of said ends; and each looped portion adapted to extend around the elbows of said subject and secure said elbows against movement.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein: said strap element includes slot means therein spaced from said ends whereby each of said ends is passed through its adjacent slot means to form said looped portions; and said looped portions being variable by adjusting said ends relative to said slot means.
 4. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including: a first substantially vertical radiotransparent member; a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said first vertical to form a seat adapted to support said subject; a secod substantially vertical radiotransparent member disposed at right angles to said first vertical member and at right angles to said platform; radiotransparent restraining means slidably and operably connected to said first vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction; said restraining means adapted to extend adjacent a portion or portions of the subject''s body to secure said portion or portions of said body in said seat against movement; X-ray film holding spaces disposed in each of said first and second vertical members adapted to removably hold a sheet of X-ray film adjacent said subject, said X-ray film sheets being held at right angles to each other wherein said second substantially vertical radiotransparent member is pivotally mounted to said first vetical member for pivotal rotation with respect thereto about a vertical axis and latch means disposed between said seat and said second vertical member for releasably securing said second vertical member in said normal position relative to said first vertical member.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said latch is disposed between said platform portion of said seat and said second vertical member.
 6. An apparatus for use in the taking of X-ray exposures of a subject including: a substantially vertical radiotransparent member; a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a seat supporting said subject; said vertical member including vertically disposed guide means; radiotransparent strap means slidably mounted on said vertical member by means of said guide means and adapted to extend around said subject and secure said subject to said seat, whereby said strap means are vertically positionable to secure subjects of varying sizes; said guide means including opposing channel means vertically disposed on said substantially vertical radiotransparent member; retaining means extending between said opposing channel means and vertically displaceable along said channel means; and said retaining means adapted to engage said strap means whereby said strap means is vertically positionable along said channel means.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said strap means are adapted to secure the elbows of said subject against movement.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said strap means are adapted to alternatively secure the elbows of said subject against movement when the arms of said subject are extended over its head or along it torso.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said strap means includes: a pair of laterally extending strap ends adapted to extend around each elbow of said subject; a pair of slots in said strap means adapted to receive said strap ends after said strap ends are extended around each of said elbows; and self-attachment means on said strap ends whereby said strap ends adhere to each other upon being joined together across the body of said subject.
 10. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said radiotransparent restraining means includes: a rigid arcuate member extending across said vertical member, whereby a space is provided between said rigid arcuate member and said vertical member; said space adapted to receive the head of said subject''s body; and one side of said rigid arcuate member being pivotally mounted to a corresponding side of said vertical member, whereby said rigid arcuate member is adapted to pivot in a horizontal plane toward and away from said vertical member and hold said head immobile against said vertical radiotransparent member when positioned toward said vertical member.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10 including means for vertically adjusting said rigid arcuate member relative to said vertical member, and clamping means to retain said rigid arcuate member in a prescribed vertical position.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said means for vertically adjusting said rigid arcuate member includes: vertically disposed track means affixed to said vertical member; plate means mounted for vertical movement along said track means; said plaTe means attached to said one side of said rigid arcuate member, wherein said plate means includes said pivotal mounting means for said rigid arcuate member.
 13. The apparatus of claim 10 including releasable fastening means extending between said vertical member and said rigid arcuate member to maintain said rigid arcuate member in position toward said vertical member.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said vertical member includes vertical slot means, said releasable fastening means slidably disposed in said slot member whereby said fastening means is adapted to maintain said rigid arcuate member in said position toward said vertical member in any vertical position of said rigid arcuate member.
 15. The apparatus of claim 10 including pliable material lining means on the face of said rigid arcuate member adapted to receive said portion of said subject''s body.
 16. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein: said space adapted to receive the head of said subject''s body includes additional space to receive the upwardly extending arms of said subject, whereby said rigid arcuate member holds said arms in an immobile position against the head of said subject.
 17. An apparatus for use in taking X-ray exposures of a subject including: a substantially vertical radiotransparent member; a substantially horizontal platform rigidly affixed to the lower end of said vertical member to form a sheet adapted to support said subject; a base adapted to be fixed to a support means against relative movement therewith; bearing means disposed between said platform and said base for rotatably mounting said platform and said seat on said base about a vertical axis; radiotransparent restraining means slidably and operatively connected to said vertical member and variably positionable in a vertical direction; said restraining means adapted to extend around a portion or portions of the subject''s body to secure said portion or portions of said body in said seat against movement; means associated with said apparatus for supporting X-ray film in a vertical position adjacent said seat in close proximity to the portion of said subject to be X-rayed whereby anterior, posterior, and lateral X-ray exposures may be taken of said subject without repositioning said subject in said seat; a second substantially vertical radiotransparent member disposed normal to said first vertical member and to said platform; first and second X-ray film support means mounted rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively relative to said seat; said first and second X-ray film support means each including: additional vertically extending members mounted on said platform rearward of said first and second vertical members respectively, defining spaces between each vertical member and its respective additional vertically extending member; said spaces adapted to receive X-ray film elements; X-ray film support bracket means disposed in said spaces; and said bracket means being vertically adjustable to accommodate various sizes of X-ray film to adjust the position of said X-ray film behind said subject supported in said seat. 